踝关节骨折术后切口感染危险因素的Meta分析

 目的 探讨踝关节骨折术后切口感染的主要危险因素。方法 计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方、VIP、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library数据库自建库至2021年6月文献,由两名评价员根据纳入及排除标准独立筛选文献、提取数据和进行质量评价后,应用Rev Man 5.3和STATA 12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 纳入12篇文献,共10 037例患者,其中切口感染560例,感染发病率为5.58%。Meta分析结果显示,踝关节骨折术后切口感染的主要危险因素包括:年龄(MD=4.70,95%CI:3.05~6.34)、身体质量指数(MD=0.82,95%CI:0.36~1.29)、术前清蛋白<35 g/L (OR=2.30,95%CI:1.26~4.22)、糖尿病(OR=1.71,95%CI:1.26~2.30)、合并心脏病(OR=2.92,95%CI:1.74~4.91)、吸烟(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.05~2.16)、饮酒(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.19~2.05)、开放性骨折(OR=5.59,95%CI:4.05~7.73)、伴有骨折脱位(OR=1.72,95%CI:1.35~2.18)、手术时间(MD=24.56,95%CI:17.59~31.53)、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级≥3级(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.51~2.78)、Ⅱ~Ⅳ级污染切口(OR=4.66,95%CI:2.93~7.43)。结论 踝关节骨折术后切口感染危险因素多,医务人员应重视踝关节骨折术后切口感染的主要危险因素,采取针对性措施降低切口感染率。     

3D打印骨折模型在复杂骨盆骨折手术中的治疗方法及效果探讨

目的:探讨复杂骨盆骨折手术治疗中3D打印骨折模型的应用方法及效果。方法:选取医院收治的60例复杂骨盆骨折患者,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组行传统CT指导下手术治疗,观察组行3D打印仿真骨盆模型体外模拟术后,应用腹直肌旁切口钢板内固定术治疗。比较两组手术时间、住院时间和骨折愈合时间,以及术中出血量、并发症发生率和骨盆功能恢复优良率。结果:观察组手术时间、住院时间及骨折愈合时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.721,t=2.458,t=2.791,t=4.450;P<0.05);观察组和对照组并发症发生率分别为3.33%和10.00%,差异无统计学意义(x²=0.267,P>0.05);观察组和对照组骨盆功能恢复优良率分别为96.67%和73.33%,观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x²=4.705,P<0.05)。结论:复杂骨盆骨折手术中应用3D打印骨折模型可缩短手术时间、住院时间,减少出血量,促进骨折愈合,可改善骨盆功能且并发症少。     

Retroperitoneal-first laparoscopic approach (Retlap)-assisted distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection (DP-CAR): A novel minimally invasive approach for achieving adequate dorsal surgical margin

BackgroundDistal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection (DP-CAR) is a procedure to secure a surgical margin for a locally advanced pancreatic body cancer that invades the celiac axis. However, in patients with cancer close to the root of the celiac axis, obtaining adequate surgical margins can be difficult because the tumor obstructs the field of vision to the root of the celiac axis. Previously, we described the retroperitoneal-first laparoscopic approach (Retlap) to achieve both accurate evaluation of resectability for locally advanced pancreatic cancer requiring DP-CAR [1] and adequate surgical margin for laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy [2]. In this video, we introduce Retlap-assisted DP-CAR as a minimally invasive approach for performing an artery-first pancreatectomy [3, 4] and achieving sufficient dorsal surgical margin (Fig. 1).MethodsOur patient is a 67-year-old man with a 55 × 29-mm pancreatic body tumor after chemotherapy. Preoperative computed tomography revealed a tumor close to the root of the celiac axis. Because the area of tumor invasion on preoperative images was near the root of the celiac artery, Retlap-assisted DP-CAR was performed to determine whether the celiac axis can be secured and obtain an adequate dorsal surgical margin (Fig. 2).ResultsThe operative time and estimated blood loss was 715 min and 449 mL, respectively. In spite of the advanced tumor's location and size, R0 resection was achieved in a minimally invasive way.ConclusionRetlap-assisted DP-CAR is not only technically feasible and useful for achieving accurate evaluation of resectability but also facilitates obtaining an adequate surgical margin.     

短期非融合固定治疗枢椎齿状突Ⅱ型骨折后的颈椎活动度

[目的]探讨短期寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合固定治疗枢椎齿状突Ⅱ型骨折后颈椎活动功能。[方法]2012年2月~2017年12月,选取枢椎齿状突II型骨折后接受后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定术,并二次手术取出内固定物的患者32例。对比患者自身前后两次手术后颈椎过伸过屈、左右旋转角度,同时参考正常人群颈椎活动度进行比较。[结果]32例患者均顺利完成C1/2椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定术,经影像学确认内固定位置良好,无血管、神经损伤等并发症的发生。于初次内固定术后4~15个月,平均(9.55±2.72)个月,32例患者再次入院行内固定取出术。取内固定术后平均随访(16.41±4.25)个月。末次随访时32例患者前屈、后伸、左旋转和右旋转ROM均显著大于取内固定之前角度(P<0.05),但仍显著不及正常人。[结论]短期寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折,可有效保留颈椎活动功能,值得临床推广应用。     

Treatment options for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Glucocorticoid (GC) induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis. It develops in a dose and time dependent manner, due to a rapid and transient increase in bone resorption, followed by the inhibition of bone formation.     

The Added Value of SARC-F to Prescreening Using FRAX for Hip Fracture Prevention in Older Community Adults

Objectives

To examine the potential added value of a simple 5-item questionnaire for sarcopenia screening (SARC-F) to the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) for hip fracture risk prediction, in order to identify at-risk older adults for screening with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

82例应力性骨折影像学诊断回顾性分析

目的：研究影像学在诊断应力性骨折中的应用。方法：选取2013年1月—2017年12月南京医科大学第一附属医院收治的82例保有影像学资料并诊断明确的应力性骨折患者作为研究对象，对患者影像学资料进行回顾性分析，并比较分析X线、CT、MRI对应力性骨折的诊断准确率及漏诊的原因。结果：82例应力性骨折患者的男女比例为1∶1.9，平均年龄为49.77岁；病变多累及下肢骨及中轴骨，胫骨为最常见累及部位；X线、CT、MRI的诊断准确率依次升高，X线、CT的初诊漏诊与MRI分级之间的关系无统计学意义；X线及CT图像中骨膜反应易被漏诊。结论：应力性骨折的影像学诊断应结合临床病史及好发部位，早期诊断应力性骨折首选MRI，注重X线及CT中骨膜反应及软组织情况以减少漏诊率。     

补肾壮骨汤对骨质疏松型胸腰椎压缩骨折患者椎体成形术治疗效果影响的Meta分析

[目的]采用Meta分析法系统评价补肾壮骨汤对椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松型胸腰椎压缩骨折(OTCF)临床的影响。[方法]以"补肾壮骨汤"为首输关键词,以"椎体成形术""骨质疏松""胸腰椎压缩骨折"等为次输关键词,全面搜索补肾壮骨汤对OTCF患者椎体成形术治疗效果影响的随机对照研究文献,评价纳入研究文献的一般特征,对文献资料所提取的治疗有效率、骨密度、Oswestry功能障碍(ODI)指数、治疗安全性(新发骨折率)等观察指标进行Meta分析处理与分析。[结果]共13篇文献纳入Meta分析范畴,文献总样本量1 037例。分析显示,与对照组相比,治疗组可明显提高临床有效率[OR=4.63,95%CI[2.92,7.36],P0.000 01]、改善骨密度[MD=0.08,95%CI[0.06,0.1],P0.000 01]、降低ODI指数[MD=-2.34,95%CI[-3.49,-1.19],P0.000 01]、降低新发骨折率[OR=0.08,95%CI[0.11,0.44],P0.000 01]。[结论]与单纯椎体成形术治疗相比,补肾壮骨汤辅助椎体成形术在OTCF患者治疗中,可提升患者术后骨密度、改善胸腰椎功能障碍和降低术后新发骨折率,治疗疗效确切。     

Fracture de côte suite à la radiothérapie peropératoire dans le cancer du sein. Cas clinique et expérience locale

Intra-operative radiotherapy for breast cancer has been developed throughout the last two decades. It is already well-established regarding local control and toxicity for intra-operative radiotherapy using electrons as we now have the necessary background knowledge. However, very few data on later toxicity are available for intra-operative radiotherapy using low-energy photons. We report here the case of a 36-year-old woman who experienced rib fracture following intra-operative and external radiotherapy. This patient has been included in the Targit-boost trial. The intra-operative irradiation has been operated with an INTRABEAM device delivering low-energy photons of 50-kV.